This book takes a fresh look at the record of Chamberlain and the National Government during 1933-4, when the first defence requirements enquiry occurred against the background of an emerging two-front danger from Germany and Japan.

It explores the interaction between different departments of state and individuals in the formulation of strategic policy, demonstrating how, largely under Chamberlain's influence, Britain's priorities were redefined in favour of air defence at home rather than military intervention in Europe or naval defence of the Empire in the Far East. It portrays graphically the dilemmas facing Britain in an era when its resources were outstripped by risks and commitments, interlinking this with the debate about appeasement.

It also explores the complications caused by relations with the isolationist USA and offers insights into the varied spectrum of opinion towards that country within the British Government.