This primer explains the value of incorporating travel-time reliability into the Congestion Management Process (CMP) and identifies the most current tools available to assist with this effort. It draws from applied research and best practices from regional agencies nationwide. It emphasizes the importance of expanding the scope of the CMP to include monitoring and addressing non-recurrent congestion utilizing Planning for Operations strategies. It is intended for use by state and metropolitan planning organization (MPO) planners as well as operations managers and analysts who are planning and programming transportation investments to better manage congestion in our urban areas.